School of Law

CORE CURRICULUM AND MINIMUM ACADEMIC STANDARDS (CCMAS)

FOR THE PROGRAMME

BACHELOR OF LAWS (LL.B) HONOURS COMMON AND ISLAMIC LAW

2025

LL. B Common and Islamic Law (Combined)

Overview

This combined curriculum offers a truly modern legal education that combines both common and Islamic Law, reflecting the needs and concerns of Nigeria and the global community in the 21^st century. The combined curriculum invites the students to develop a knowledge and understanding of legal concepts their practical applications, developing legal skills in clinical and moot court practice, as well as an ethical and legal argument. The curriculum exposes students to develop critical skills in research and analysis and understand policy implications. Overall, the combined degree is designed to provide both a solid academic experience as well as vocational development, a balance that is highly sought after by employers in both law and non-law sectors.

Philosophy

The programme is clearly articulated to enrich and enhance legal study and practice significantly. It is designed to provide legal education within a dynamic socio-political environment encompassing national and global trends and challenges. The main focus of the Law programme is to create an environment that encourages intellectual rigour, analytical and critical engagement, as well as profound ethical standards. The programme must be committed to outcome-based, learner-centred legal education that integrates knowledge, skills, and value competency and ethics to produce law graduates who can compete actively in legal, social, economic, and political developments globally.

The Rayhaan University School of Law provides a collaborative environment in which to learn, think, and communicate about law, policy, and justice. Our program is engaged in preparing students for academic pursuits, professional development, enhanced personal lives, and responsible global citizenship; extending the frontiers of knowledge through research, creative efforts, and liberal scholarship; fostering an intellectual culture that merges theory with practice; contributing to social, economic, and cultural development, and, through intellectual productivity, enhancing the quality of life of the people of Nigeria, Africa, and all humanity.

Objectives

Objectives of the programme are as follows:

The study of Common and Islamic Law will afford students the opportunity to:

Understand the sources, nature and function of Islamic Law in a historical context.
Appreciate the framework for thinking about social realities and institutional structures that help shape Islamic law.
Understand some of the legal changes in the context and application of Islamic Law in contemporary times.
Appreciate the application of Islamic law from a comparative viewpoint alongside English/civil law.
Appreciate the influence of Common and Islamic Law on the legal and political systems of many countries with mixed Islamic and civil law systems.
Equip students with the ability to conduct in-depth research and write scholarly papers on matters related to Common and Islamic law.
Understand the basic principles of Common and Islamic law.
Appreciate the main differences between Islamic law and Western legal systems in critical areas of interest.
Be able to discuss contemporary issues relating to Common and Islamic law.
Recognize the essential techniques of interpreting Islamic law’s classical concepts and terminology.

Established Departments for the Programme

The programme is to be run in theFaculty of Law by the following established two departments:

Department of Private and Public Law (PPL); and
Department of Islamic Law (ICL).

Unique Features of the Programme

The features are as follows:

Client relationships such as the ability to listen understand the client’s perspective and goals and develop a relationship of trust;
Ethical responsibilities: The legal profession’s values of justice, fairness, honesty, integrity, professionalism, respect for diversity, and respect for the Rule of Law;
Self-Confidence, resilience, and good communication skills;
Problem-solving: Representational skills such as the ability to collaborate or otherwise, work effectively with co-counsel and with third parties, including opposing counsel, tribunals, and other professionals negotiate and draft agreements;
Lifelong learning and research: Factual research, ability to interview (e.g. clients, witnesses, and victims), gather facts by formal and informal means;
Pro bono: Responsibility to ensure that adequate legal services are provided to those who cannot afford to pay for them;
Entrepreneurship’s skills to see law practice as a business;
Globalization and cross-cultural skills such as the ability to interact with clients, lawyers, and others from various cultures and socio-economic groups and the ability to practice cross-jurisdictionally and internationally;
Alternative Dispute Resolution: Provide effective counseling on alternative courses of action; and
Social engineering: The role of the legal profession in society.

Employability Skills

Robust legal argument skills;
Communication skills;
Research and brief writing skills;
Arbitration and Mediation competencies;
Analytical skills to solving theoretical and practical legal problems;
Practice management skills;
Transactional skills, such as the ability to structure a legal transaction effectively; and
Legal drafting skills.

21^{^st} Century Skills

The programme will lead to the acquisition of the following 21^st Century skills:

Legal Presentation skills;
Alternative Dispute Resolution skills;
Practical Court Room presentation;
Globalization and cross-cultural skills;
Information technology skills;
Critical thinking;
Communication skills;
Creativity;
Problem-solving;
Perseverance; and
Collaboration.

Admission and Graduation Requirements

Admission Requirement

The entry requirements shall be through any of the two under-listed options:

Indirect (UTME) Mode

The minimum academic requirement is credit level passes in five (5) subjects at O’ Level in the nationally recognised examination, including English Language, Literature in English and Islamic Studies obtained at not more than two sittings; such a candidate must, in addition, have an acceptable pass in the UTME.

Direct Entry Mode

A two or three–year Diploma certificate plus credit passes in five (5) papers, including English Language, Literature in English and Islamic Studies at the Senior Secondary School Certificate Examination or General Certificate of Education ‘Ordinary’ Level or their equivalent; or
Three (3) papers at the Principal or Advanced Level in Higher School Certificate or GCE together with credit in English Language, English Literature and Islamic Studies in the S.S.S. Certificate Examination or GCE ‘O’ Level or their equivalent, or
Two (2) papers at Principal or Advanced Level in HSC or GCE plus credit in three (3) other papers (including English Language, English Literature and Islamic Studies) in S.S.S. Certificate examination or GCE ‘O’ Level or their equivalent.
A universitydegree from any discipline provided the UTME requirements are met.

Graduation Requirements

The following regulations shall govern the conditions for the award of a combined honours degree in Common and Islamic Law

Candidates admitted through the UTME mode shall have registered for a minimum of180 and a maximum of 195 units of courses during the 5–year degree law programme;
Candidates admitted through the Direct Entry mode shall have registered for a minimum of 150 and a maximum of 170 units of courses during a 4–year degree law programme; and
A student shall qualify for the award of LL.B Common Law and Islamic Law (Combined)degree when the student has completed and passed all compulsory courses and such elective/optional courses as may be specified by the university/faculty; obtained aminimum Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) set by the university but not less than1.00 and earned the minimum credit units of not less than 180 for those that entered through UTME and 150 through Direct Entry.

Course System

ThisLaw programme is to be run on a Course System, under which courses are divided into course packages that will be taught within a semester system, with examinations at the end of each semester. Weights in form of units will be attached to each course, with one Unit equivalent to one hour of lectures. One Unit is equivalent to one hour per week per semester of 15 weeks of lectures or 3 hours per week of practical/moot court work per semester of 15 weeks. It is assumed that the Nigerian university system shall continue to operate an academic year of two semesters with a minimum of 15 weeks of lectures/tutorials/clinicper semester.

Courses are to be numbered based on a progressive system reflecting the applicable session and semester within the 5 – year programme. For ease of reference and identification, course numbers may be prefixed by a three – character programme/subject code, usually reflecting the department that offers the particular course. Thus, the course code is in the form: DEP LNJ (where the three letters DEP identify the programme, ‘L’ in LNJ represents the level of the course (1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 for all undergraduate courses) and NJ is a two – digit numbering of courses. Thus, for example, PUL 409 is a 400 – Level (4^th year) course with number 09 offered by the Department of Public Law.

Grading of Courses

Grading of courses shall be done by a combination of percentage marks and letter grades translated into a graduated system of Grade Points as shown in Table 1.2.

Grade Point System

Table 1.2

Mark %	Letter Grade	Grade Point
70 – 100	A	5.0
60 – 69	B	4.0
50 – 59	C	3.0
45 – 49	D	2.0
40 – 44	E	1.0
0 — 39	F	0

Grade Point Average and Cumulative Grade Point Average

For the purpose of determining a student’s standing at the end of every semester, the Grade Point Average (GPA) system shall be used. The GPA is computed by dividing the total number of Units multiplied by the Grade Point (TUGP) by the total number of units (TNU) for all the courses taken in the semester as illustrated in Table 1.3 below.

The Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) over a period of semesters is calculated in the same manner as the GPA by using the grade points of all the courses taken during the period, which is the student’s cumulative time in the Faculty.

Calculation of GPA or CGPA

Table 1.3

Course	Units	Grade Point	Units x Grade Point (UGP)
C₁	U₁	GP₁	U₁ x GP₁
C₂	U₂	GP₂	U₂ x GP₂
–	–	–	–
–	–	–	–
C_i	U_i	GP_i	U_i x GP_i
–	–	–	–
–	–	–	–
C_N	U_N	GP_N	U_N x GP_N
TOTAL	TNU		TUGP

Degree Classifications

The following regulations shall govern the conditions for the award of an honours degree.

Candidates admitted through the UTME mode shall have registered for at least 180units of courses during the 5 – year degree Common and Islamic law programme.
Candidates admitted through the Direct entry mode shall have registered for at least 150 units of courses during the 4 – year degree Common and Islamic law programme.
Candidates must have registered and passed all the compulsory courses specified for the law programme.

The determination of the class of degree shall be based on the Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) earned at the end of the programme. The CGPA shall be used in the determination of the class of degree as summarized in Table 1.4. It is important to note that the CGPA shall be calculated and expressed correct to two decimal places.

Degree Classification

Table 1.4

CUMULATIVE GRADE POINT AVERAGE (CGPA)	CLASS OF DEGREE
4.50 – 5.003.50 – 4.492.40 – 3.491.50 – 2.39 1.00 – 1.49	1^st Class Honours2^ndClass Honours (Upper Division)2^ndClass Honours (Lower Division)3^rd Class HonoursPass

Duration

The maximum length of time allowed for obtaining an honours degree in the Faculty shall be fourteen semesters for the 5 – year degree programme and twelve semesters for students admitted directly into the 200 level.Students requiring more than the maximum period of fourteen and twelve semesters for UTME and Direct entry students can be considered on the recommendation of the Faculty Board and the approval of Senate.

Students who transfer from other universities should have sat and passed all courses transferred from the previous university or should have attained the minimum CGPA of 1.49. Such students shall however be required to spend not less than three sessions (6 semesters) in order to earn a degree. Students who transfer from another programme in the Faculty (if any) or other faculties for any approved reason shall be credited with those units passed that are within the curriculum of the programme to which they have transferred. Appropriate decisions on transfer cases shall be subjected to the approval of Senate on the recommendation of the Faculty.

Probation

A student whose Cumulative Grade Point Average is below 1.0 at the end of a particular year of study, earns a period of probation for one academic session. A student on probation is allowed to register for courses at the next higher level in addition to his/her probation level courses provided thatthe regulation in respect of studentwork – load is complied with.

Withdrawal

A candidate whose Cumulative Grade Point Average is below 1.0 at the end of a particular year of probation should be required to withdraw from the University. However, in order to minimize waste of human resources, consideration should be given to withdrawal from programme of study and possible transfer to other programmes within the same University.

Tutorials

The timetable for courses shall be designed to make provision for tutorials of at least one hour for every four hours of lecture. Thus a 3 – unit course of 45 hours per semester should attract 15 hours of tutorials.

Evaluation – Techniques of Student Assessment

Continuous Assessments

Continuous assessment shall be done through essays, tests, and participatory exercises. Scores from continuous assessment shall normally be a minimum of 30 per cent of the full marks for courses which are primarily theoretical.

Examinations

In addition to continuous assessment, final examinations should normally be given for every course at the end of each semester. All courses shall be graded out of a maximum of 100 marks comprising:

Final Examination: 70% – 60%

Continuous assessment (Quizzes, Homework, Tests): 30% – 40%

External Examiner System

The involvement of external examiners from other universities is a crucial quality assurance requirement for all courses in Nigerian University System. In this regard, external examiner should go beyond mere moderation of examination questions to examining of examination papers to scope and depth of examination questions vis-a-vis the curricular expectation.

Student Evaluation of Courses

There should be an established mechanism to enable students to evaluate courses delivered to them at the end of each semester. This should be an integral component of the course credit system to serve as an opportunity for feedback on the effectiveness of course delivery. Such an evaluation which should be undertaken by students at the end of each course, should capture, among others:

Improvement in the effectiveness of course delivery.
Continual update of lecture materials to incorporate emerging new concepts.
Effective usage of teaching aids and tools to maximize impact of knowledge on students and
Improvement in students’ performance through effective delivery of tutorials, timely in presentation of continuous assessment and high-quality examination.

It is very important that students’ evaluation of courses be administered fairly and transparently through the use of well-designed questionnaires. The completed questionnaires should be professionally analysed and results discussed with the course lecturer(s) towards improvement in course delivery in all its ramifications.

Course Structure

100 Level

Course Code	Course Title	Units	Status	LH	PH
GST 111	Communication in English	2	C	15	45
GST 112	Nigerian Peoples and Culture	2	C	30	–
PUL 101	Legal Method I	4	C	60	–
PUL 102	Legal Method II	4	C	60	–
LAW 101	English for Legal Writing	2	C	30	–
LAW 102	Introduction to Logic	2	C	15	45
ICL 101	Introduction to General Principle of Islamic Law	3	C	30	–
ICL 104	Arabic Language for Legal Studies	3	C	45
	Total Units from 70% CCMAS	22
RUB-PUL 103	Introduction of ICT to Legal Studies	3	C	45	15
	Total Units Developed by RUBK	3
	Total Units for 100 Level	25

200 Level

Course Code	Course Title	Units	Status	LH	PH
GST 212	Logic, Philosophy and Human Existence	2	C	30	–
ENT 211	Entrepreneurship and Innovation	2	C	15
PUL 201	Constitutional Law I	3	C	45	45
PUL 202	Constitutional Law II	3	C	45	45
PPL 201	Law of Contract I	3	C	45	45
PPL 202	Law of Contract II	3	C	45	45
PUL 203	Nigerian Legal System I	3	C	45	45
PUL 204	Nigerian Legal System II	3	C	45	45
ICL 201	Ayat And Hadith Al –Ahkam	3	C	45	–
ICL 203	Islamic Law of Crime	3	C	45	–
ICL 204	Islamic Law of Torts	3	C	30	–
	Total Units from 70% CCMAS	31
RUB-PUL 205	Introduction to Human Right Law	3	C	45
RUB-PUL 206	Public International Law	3	E	45
RUB-PUL 207	Internet Law	3	E	45
RUB-PPL 203	Law and Practice of Banking and Finance	3	E	45
RUB-PUL 208	Information Technology Law and Practice	3	E	45
RUB-ICL 205	Islamic International Law	3	C	45
	Total Units Developed by RUBK	12
	Total Units for 200 Level	43

300 Level

Course Code	Course Title	Units	Status	LH	PH
GST 312	Peace and Conflict Resolution	2	C	30	–
ENT 312	Venture Creation	2	C	15	45
PUL 301	Criminal Law I	4	C	45	45
PUL 302	Criminal Law II	4	C	45	45
PPL 301	Law of Torts I	4	C	45	45
PPL 302	Law of Torts II	4	C	45	45
PPL 303	Commercial Law I	4	C	45	45
PPL 304	Commercial Law II	4	C	45	45
ICL 301	Muamalat (Islamic Law ofTransaction)	3	C	45	45
ICL 304	Islamic Family Law	3	C	30	–
	Total Units from 70% CCMAS	34
RUB-PUL 303	Law of Natural and Mineral Resources	3	E	45	–
RUB-PUL 304	Alternative and E-Dispute Resolution	3	E	45
RUB-PPL 305	Introduction to Labour and Industrial Law	3	E	45
RUB-PPL 306	Electronic Commerce Law and Practice	3	E	45
	Total Units Developed by RUBK	6
	Total Units for 300 Level	40

400 Level

Course Code	Course Title	Units	Status	LH	PH
PUL 401	Law of Evidence I	4	C	45	45
PUL 402	Law of Evidence II	4	C	45	45
PPL 403	Equity and Trusts I	4	C	60	–
PPL 404	Equity and Trusts II	4	C	60	–
PPL 405	Property Law I	4	C	45	45
PPL 406	Property Law II	4	C	45	45
PUL 403	Clinical and Moot Court Practice	4	C	–	180
PUL 404	Clinical and Moot Court Practice	4	C	–	180
ICL 401	Islamic Property Law	3	C	45	45
ICL 402	Islamic Company Law	3	C	45	45
ICL 403	Mirath&Wasiyya (Islamic Law of Inheritance)	3	C	45	45
	Total Units from 70% CCMAS	41
RUB-PUL 403	Legal Research Methodology	3	C	45	–
	Total Units Developed by RUBK	3
	Total Units for 400 Level	44

500 Level

Course Code	Course Title	Units	Status	LH
PUL 501	Jurisprudence and Legal Theory I	4	C	60	–
PUL 502	Jurisprudence and Legal Theory II	4	C	60	–
PPL 501	Company Law I	4	C	60	–
PPL 502	Company Law II	4	C	60	–
ICL 501	UsulFiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence) I	3	C	45	–
ICL 503	Murafa’at (Islamic law of Evidence & Procedure	3	C	45	–
ICL 505	Application of Sharia in Nigeria	3	C	45	–
LAW 599	Long Essay	6	C	270
	Total Units from 70% CCMAS	31
RUB-PUL 503	Criminal Litigation	3	C	30	–
RUB-PUL 504	Civil Litigation	3	C	30	–
	Total Units Developed by RUBK	6
	Total Units for 500 Level	37

Course Contents and Learning Outcomes

100 Level

GST111 – Communication in English (2 Units C LH15; PH45)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of this course, students are expected:

identify possible sound patterns in the English Language;
list notable Language skills;
classify word-formation processes;
construct simple and relatively complex sentences in English;
apply logical and critical reasoning skills for meaningful presentations;
demonstrate an appreciable level of the art of public speaking and listening; and
write technical and straightforward reports.

Course Contents

Sound patterns in English Language (vowels and consonants, phonetics and phonology). English word classes (lexical and grammatical words, definitions, forms, functions, usages, collocations). Sentence in English (structural and functional, simple and complex). Grammar and Usage (tense, mood, modality and concord, aspects of language use in everyday life).Logical and Critical Thinking and Reasoning Methods (Logic and Syllogism, Inductive and Deductive Argument and Reasoning Methods, Analogy, Generalisation and Explanations). Ethical considerations, Copyright Rules and Infringements. Writing Activities: (Pre-writing,Writing, Post Writing, Editing and Proofreading; Brainstorming, outlining, Paragraphing, Types of writing, Summary, Essays, Letter, Curriculum Vitae, Report writing and Note making. Mechanics of writing). Comprehension Strategies: (Reading and types of Reading, Comprehension Skills, 3RsQ). Information and Communication Technology in modern Language Learning. Language skills for effective communication. Major word-formation processes. Writing and reading comprehension strategies. Logical and critical reasoning for meaningful presentations. Art of public speaking and listening. Report writing.

GST 112 – Nigerian Peoples and Culture (2 Units C LH30)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the course, students are expected to:

analyse the historical foundation of the Nigerian culture and arts in pre-colonial times;
list and identify the major linguistic groups in Nigeria;
explain the gradual evolution of Nigeria as a political unit;
analyse the concepts of Trade, Economic and Self-reliance status of the Nigerian peoples towards national development;
enumerate the challenges of the Nigerian State towards Nation building;
analyse the role of the Judiciary in upholding people’s fundamental rights;
identify acceptable norms and values of the major ethnic groups in Nigeria; and
list and suggest possible solutions to identifiable Nigerian environmental, moral and value problems.

Course Contents

Nigerian history, culture and art up to 1800 (Yoruba, Hausa and Igbo peoples and culture; peoples and culture of the ethnic minority groups). Nigeria under colonial rule (advent of colonial rule in Nigeria; Colonial administration of Nigeria). Evolution of Nigeria as a political unit (an amalgamation of Nigeria in 1914; formation of political parties in Nigeria; Nationalist movement and struggle for independence). Nigeria and challenges of nation-building (military intervention in Nigerian politics; Nigerian Civil War). Concept of trade and economics of selfreliance (indigenous trade and market system; indigenous apprenticeship system among Nigeria people; trade, skill acquisition and self-reliance). Social justice and national development (law definition and classification. Judiciary and fundamental rights. Individual norms and values (basic Nigeria norms and values, patterns of citizenship acquisition; citizenship and civic responsibilities; indigenous languages, usage and development; negative attitudes and conducts. Cultism, kidnapping and other related social vices). Re-orientation, moral and national values (The 3R’s – Reconstruction, Rehabilitation and Re-orientation; Reorientation Strategies: Operation Feed the Nation (OFN), Green Revolution, Austerity Measures, War Against Indiscipline (WAI), War Against Indiscipline and Corruption (WAIC), Mass Mobilization for Self-Reliance, Social Justice and Economic Recovery (MAMSER), National Orientation Agency (NOA). Current socio-political and cultural developments in Nigeria.

PUL 101 – Legal Methods 1 (4 Units LH60)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

appreciate the various legal rules, methods, processes and reasoning;
acquire basic knowledge of the fundamental concepts of law and the various legal systems;
gain knowledge of the function of law in society; and
appreciate the various aspects and perspectives of law.

Course Contents

Law in a social context- nature and functions of law in society: law, order and justice; law and freedom; law and the state; law and legitimacy; law and sovereignty. Aspects of the law – types of law – eternal law, divine law, natural law and human or positive law; classification of law: common law and civil law; common law and equity; public and private law; civil and criminal law, substantive and procedural law; written and unwritten law; customary law and Islamic law and global legal traditions (common, civil, Roman-Dutch, Chinese, Islamic and customary laws. Methods of social control through law – penal method; grievance – remedial method; private arranging method; constitutive method, administrative, regulatory method; fiscal method; conferral or social benefits method. Legal reasoning and approach to problems – the language of the law; principles, standards and issues in law; formality and precision in the use of language and distinctiveness of legal terminology; legal rhetoric and legal logic; legal reasoning and practical reasoning; legalism. Legal reasoning in judicial processes: sifting of facts and law in courts; ratio decidendi; precedents. Legal reasoning in legislation – legislative proposals; legislative drafting; ambiguity, vagueness, open texture, semantics in law; legislative process: construction of statutes; types of legislation; codification of laws.

PUL 102 – Legal Methods II (4 Units LH60)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

appreciate the hierarchy and categories of sources of law;
illustrate basic knowledge in the use of various legal materials and resources;
identify basic knowledge in the way and style of legal writing; and
familiarise with the ethics of the legal profession, including dress codes and modes.

Course Contents

Sources of law – primary sources; statutory materials and judicial materials; secondary sources: books and pamphlets, letters, speeches, interviews, periodicals, and newspapers; foreign materials. Use of source materials – law library and legal research, indexing and identification of library materials, cases and citation of cases and reports; opinions; analysis and note-taking; use of authorities in legal argument and legal writing. Online research methods. Legal writing – methods and approaches in essay writing; styles of writing; analysis of social and legal issues and application of legal rules; division of topics into chapters, sections and subsections. Professional ethics, and regulation of the legal profession.

LAW 101 – English for Legal Writing (2 Units C LH30)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

illustrate the understanding of principles, standards, and issues in law, including formalities and precision in the use of language; the uniqueness and distinctiveness of legal language, rhetoric, logic, reasoning and legalism;
list the tools and skills required by law students to study and display the ability to apply them;
explain the fundamentals of English Grammar;
be able to take and make notes from lecture and text, respectively;
demonstrate ability in both reading and writing skills consisting of presentations; 6.organise ideas in writing of legal letters, reports, essays and examination answers; and
distinguish between main ideas from supporting details.

Course Contents

English Language and the law: principles, standards and issues in law; formality and precision in the use of language and distinctiveness of legal language; legal rhetoric and legal logic; legal reasoning and practical reasoning; legalism; Study Skills for Students of Law; Guided note-taking; Free-note-taking; Note-making from texts; Fundamentals of English Grammar; Reading Skills, (a glossary, index and table of contents. Titles, main and sub-headings.) Scanning; Skimming; Distinguishing main ideas from supporting detail; Anaphora; Inference skills; Writing Skills: presentation, organisation of ideas in writing and tasks related to the study and or practice of law; writing legal letters; summarising a legal text or document; writing a report; writing an essay or examination answer.

LAW 102 – Introduction to Logic (2 Units C LH15 PH45)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

identify the basic features of logic as an academic discipline;
identify the main branches of logic in philosophical discourse;
describe the elementary rules of reasoning and application to logic;
recognise arguments, deduction and induction, truth and validity;
extrapolate and deploy expertise in logic to other areas of knowledge; and
apply the knowledge and expertise acquired in logic.

Course Contents

Scope of logic; premises and conclusions. Recognising arguments, deduction and induction, truth and validity. Three basic uses of Languages, discourse serving multiple functions, the forms of discourse, emotive works, kinds of agreement and disagreement, emotivity neutral language. Fallacies of relevance, fallacies of ambiguity, avoidance of fallacies. Five purposes of definition, verbal disputes and definition, various kinds of meaning. Techniques for defining, rules for definition by genus and differences. Categorical prepositions and classes, quality, quantity and distribution, the traditional square of opposition, further immediate inferences, existential import, symbolism and diagram categorial prepositions, Categorical syllogism, standard form and nature, Vine diagrams, rules and fallacies. Reducing terms in syllogistic arguments, translation, enthymemes, sorties, disjunctive and hypothetical syllogism. The dilemma.

ICL 101 – Introduction to General Principles of Islamic Law (3 Units C LH 30)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

acquire basic knowledge of Islamic law generally;
understand the sources of Islamic law, the formation of Islamic jurisprudence, and the history of the development of Islamic law;
familiarise themselves with some basic principles of Islamic law;
explain the essential techniques of interpreting the classical concepts and terminologies of the law;
assess critically contemporary issues in the field of Islamic law; and
undertake both written and oral analysis.

Course Contents

Islam as a Complete Way of Life: a discussion of the integrated nature of worship, politics, law, economics in Islam. Nature and Sources of Islamic Law: Evolution and Historical Development of Islamic Law: Legislation in the time of the Prophet, Legislation in the time of the companions of the Prophet (The Development of Judicial System: Muadh bn Jabal appointment and Prophet’s Directions; Umar’s directions to the Judges, the Development of Judicial Institutions; Qadi Muhtasib Naziral, Raddul Mazalim); the period of ijtihad: the Emergence and Development of Schools of Law; Compilation of Hadith and other legal works: the period of Taqlid (blind imitation): Modern attempts to recapture Islamic Legislative dynamism. The role of juristic opinion (Ra’y) and custom (‘urf) in the development of Islamic Law. The Emergence of the Schools of Law: Maliki, Shaffii, Hambali, Ja’fari and Zahiri. The Developments of Islamic Legal Literature:Types (e.g. compendia, abridgements, gersses and Responsa.); The Frequently consulted authoritative texts of the various law schools. Modern developments: Impact of Western Legal system Islamisation of Laws in recent year.

ICL 104 – Arabic Language for Legal Studies (3 Units C LH45)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

recognize the Arabic Alphabet and numbers;
read, understand and construct sentences in the Arabic language;
access the primary sources of Islamic law, the Qur’an and Hadith;
have an idea of Arabic as the language of the revelation of Islamic Law; and
identify the intricacies of translations and interpretations of Islamic Law texts.

Course Contents

Arabic alphabet (forms, pronunciation, grouping, writing and identification); Simple sentences; Hijrah calendar; Comprehension and exercise; Parts of speech, Double consonants; ’Relative, interrogative and personal pronouns; Phonetics; Comprehension, composition; I’rab; Reading; Grammar (sound and unsound verbs, pronouns, huruf jar, the five verbs, raf wa nasb wa jazm al mudari; Dictation and writing (closed and opened ‘T’, Lam qamariyyah and shamsiyyah, hamza and madda punctuations). Reading and comprehension; Grammar (types of predicates, interrogative pronouns, relative pronouns, imperative sentences, negation, propositions of time and place, almasdar al sarih al muawwal); Phonetics (comparing different sounds and letters); Literature and specific poems; Science of Rhetoric (al khabar and al-insha’i, al nahyi and al-istifham, al-ijaz, al-itnab and al-musawat.

RUB-PUL 103 -Introduction of ICT to Legal Studies (3 Units C LH45 PH15)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the course, students are expected to:

Trace the origin of freedom of information;
Have access to legal information;
Have access to use of Government information;
Have access to information in private information law;
Have right of information in the design of information and communication technology systems, software and information management;
Trace the evolution of information security;
Analyse the theory of information security; and
Appraise constitutional rights as a factor underpinning information security.

Course Contents

Introduction. Definition of freedom of information. Overview of freedom of information. Defintion of freedom of legal information. Access to legal information. Right of access to Government information. Freedom to use Government information. Freedom and access to information in private information law. Right of information in the design of ICT systems, software and information management. Definition of information security. Evolution of information security. Theory of information security. Constitutional rights as underpinning of information security.

200 Level

GST 212 – Logic, Philosophy and Human Existence (2 Units C LH30)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

tell the basic features of philosophy as an academic discipline;
identify the main branches of philosophy & the centrality of logic in philosophical discourse;
explain the elementary rules of reasoning;
distinguish between valid and invalid arguments;
think critically and assess arguments in texts, conversations and day-to-day discussions;
critically assess the rationality or otherwise of human conduct under different existential conditions;
develop the capacity to extrapolate and deploy expertise in logic to other areas of knowledge; and
use the knowledge and expertise acquired in philosophy and logic.

Course Contents

Scope of philosophy; notions, meanings, branches and problems of philosophy. Logic as an indispensable tool of philosophy. Elements of syllogism symbolic logic the first nine rules of inference. Informal fallacies, laws of thought, nature of arguments. Valid and invalid arguments, logic of form and logic of content deduction, induction and inferences. Creative and critical thinking. Impact of philosophy on human existence. Philosophy and politics, philosophy and human conduct, philosophy and religion, philosophy and human values, philosophy and character moulding.

ENT 211 – Entrepreneurship and Innovation (2 Units C LH15; PH45)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

explain the concepts and theories of entrepreneurship, intrapreneurship, opportunity seeking, new value creation, and risk-taking;
state the characteristics of an entrepreneur;
analyse the importance of micro and small businesses in wealth creation, employment, and financial independence;
engage in entrepreneurial thinking;
identify key elements in innovation;
describe stages in enterprise formation, partnership and networking, including business planning;
describe contemporary entrepreneurial issues in Nigeria, Africa and the rest of the world; and
state the basic principles of e-commerce.

Course Contents

Concept of Entrepreneurship (Entrepreneurship, Intrapreneurship/Corporate Entrepreneurship). Theories, Rationale and relevance of Entrepreneurship (Schumpeterian and other perspectives, Risk-Taking, Necessity and opportunity-based entrepreneurship and Creative destruction). Characteristics of Entrepreneurs (Opportunity seeker, Risk-taker, Natural and Nurtured, Problem solver and change agent, innovator and creative thinker). Entrepreneurial thinking (Critical thinking, Reflective Thinking, and Creative thinking). Innovation (Concept of innovation, Dimensions of innovation, Change and innovation, Knowledge and innovation). Enterprise formation, partnership and networking (Basics of Business Plan, Forms of business ownership, Business registration and Forming alliances and joint ventures). Contemporary Entrepreneurship Issues (Knowledge, Skills and Technology, Intellectual property, Virtual office, Networking). Entrepreneurship in Nigeria (Biography of inspirational Entrepreneurs, Youth and women entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship support institutions, Youth enterprise networks and Environmental and cultural barriers to entrepreneurship). Basic principles of e-commerce.

PUL 201 – Constitutional Law I (3 Units C LH45; PH45)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

gain basic knowledge of the fundamental concepts and doctrines of constitutional Law and constitutionalism;
tell the historical trends and constitutional developments in Nigeria and their relevance to the study of constitutional law today;
identify and analyse constitutional law issues relating to federalism, the rule of law, separation of powers, human rights, systems of government, citizenship, judicial review, amongst others;
compare the constitutional frameworks of one system and others; and
demonstrate understanding of the implementation, interpretation and case law on provisions of the con situation.

Course Contents

Definition and sources of constitutional law: classification of constitutions: written and unwritten, rigid and flexible, federal and unitary, presidential and parliamentary. The concepts of separation of powers, the rule of law, federalism, the supremacy of the constitution/parliament. The legal consequences of the change of government by extraconstitutional means (e.g. coup d’état); pre-colonial constitutional systems and constitutional history of Nigeria from the advent of British rule up-to-date; The Military and ConstitutionMaking in Nigeria, Law Making by the Military, The Judiciary under the Military, The Executive under the Military, The Military and search for constitutional and political order.

PUL 202 – Constitutional Law II (3 Units C LH45; PH45)

Learning outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

appreciate the basic safeguards of every constitution;
understand the rationale behind some basic constitutional provisions such as human rights and separation of power;
appreciate the strengths and weaknesses of various types of constitutions;
know the extent and scope of the powers of each arm of the government and whether one is superior to the other;
demonstrate an understanding of election or appointment of any government officials into office; and
application of constitutional provisions to doctrines.

Course Contents

Supremacy of the constitution, citizenship, fundamental rights, fundamental objectives and directive principles of state policy, creation of states, and constitutional amendments. Legislative power: its meaning, scope and relation with the executive and judicial powers; delegation of legislative power – division of legislative power between the federation and the states; interpretation of legislative entries/its doctrines of pith and substance, implied powers, repugnancy, and occupied field – impeachment power: oversight functions of the Legislature. Judicial power: its meaning and scope – judicial review of legislation – independence of judiciary, jurisdiction and powers of the Supreme Court, Court of Appeal, Federal and State High Courts and Sharia and Customary Courts of Appeal, Judicial control of administration – nature, scope of writs and orders; habeas corpus, mandamus, certiorari, prohibition, quo warranto, declaration and injunction. Executive power: its meaning and scope; powers and functions of the President and Governors: appointment, legislative, police, public order, defence, emergency, prerogative of mercy, foreign affairs – Federal (and State) executive bodies – Attorney General’s powers (e) Local government; status – relationship with State and Federal government, creation, finance, personnel and dissolution.

PPL 201 – Law of Contract I (3 Units C LH45; PH45)

Learning outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

be well-equipped with the basic principles governing contractual relations in Nigeria, as these principles constitute the foundation of virtually all transactions;
learn the various forms of terms expressed or implied in daily transactions; and
be informed on the contractual liability or responsibility of a party.

Course Contents

Nature of contract: sources of law, the concept of a bargain, classification. Formation of contract: offer and acceptance, consideration, intention to create legal relations. Contents of contract: terms, representations, excluding and limiting terms and fundamental breach of terms. Capacity: infants, illiterates, corporations, people with a mental health condition and drunken persons.

PPL 202 – Law of Contract II (3 Units C LH45; PH45)

Learning outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

fully appreciate the factors rendering an agreement unenforceable;
differentiate between void, voidable and illegal contracts;
appreciate the basis under which contractual relationships terminate; and
be introduced to ways of enforcing a contractual obligation.

Course Contents

Vitiating elements of a contract: mistake; misrepresentation; duress; illegality and unenforceable contracts. Privity of contract: rules and exceptions. Discharge of contract: by performance, agreement, breach and frustration. Remedies; equitable remedies, quantummeruit claims and quasi-contract. Contract under customary law and Islamic law: constituents, capacity, terms, breach, and remedies.

PUL 203 – Nigerian Legal System I (3 Units LH45; PH45)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

tell the basic knowledge of legal concepts;
describe historical trends and developments;
appreciate sources of the Nigerian Legal System; and
recognise the court system, the structure, hierarchy and appointment of Judicial officers in Nigeria.

Course Contents

Sources of Nigerian law. Administration of justice in Nigeria: problems and concepts of substantive law. Interaction between various arms of government within the Nigerian legal system and the social context. The idea and structure of a legal system. Nature and function of law. Classification of law, sources of Nigeria law: (i) legislation; judicial precedents/case law; customary law; Islamic law; English Common Law and doctrine of equity (ii) reception and application of English law in Nigeria.

PUL 204 – Nigerian Legal System II (3 Units C LH45; PH45)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

differentiate between Common Law, Doctrines of Equity, Statutes and Customary/Islamic law;
understand the compatibility and repugnancy doctrine;
acquire knowledge and understanding of the principles of judicial construction, interpretation and the doctrine of stare decisis; and
appreciate the requirements of becoming a legal Practitioner, a judge or a member of a judicial body.

Course Contents

Internal conflicts (i) different customary laws/Islamic laws(ii) English law and customary law(iii) English law and Islamic law. Judicial institutions. The role of the judiciary. The history and development of the courts. Types and jurisdiction of courts: customary and Area Courts; magistrate and district courts; and courts of record. Special courts: Sharia Court of Appeal, Customary Court of Appeal,Tribunals (excluding Commissions of Inquiry). Judicial Personnel Appointment and tenure. Outline of civil and criminal procedure in Nigeria. Legal Aid and Advice: development and future of law in Nigeria. The organisation of legal education and the legal profession in Nigeria.

ICL 201 – Ayat and Ahadith Al-Ahkam (3 Units C LH45)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

appreciate the basic knowledge of the Qur’an and Hadiths;
learn how to derive the legal rules embodied in these two principal sources of Islamic law;
develop capacity to review the theories and rules on the principles of creed and Da‘wah; and
evaluate concepts, principles and rules from the principal sources of Islamic law and their applications to specific issues.

Course Contents

Prescriptive Quranic verses and Ahaadith (Selected Prophetic traditions from Muwaatta Malik and Bulugh al-Mariam) relating to Hudud, Qadhf, Qisas, Diyyah, Zina, Sariqah, Khamar and T’azir.; the law of transaction Mu’amalat and riba. Prescriptive Quran and Ahaadith relating to the law of personal status; Nikah (Marriage), Talaq (Divorce); Zira, Hadannah; Mirath-walwasiyyah; waqf, constitutional matters including human rights.

ICL 203 – Islamic Law of Crime (3 Units C LH45)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

acquire knowledge of basic Islamic principles of justice in enforcing states’ criminal laws;
understand principles and categories of criminal acts (Qisas and Diyya, Hudud, and Ta‘azir crimes);
appreciate fundamental basics of criminal responsibility; and
understand the principle of punishment in the Islamic penal system.

Course Contents

Definition and Nature of Crime; The Basic Principles of the Criminal Responsibility: (Immaturity of age; Drunkenness: Duress. Necessity and insanity; Ignorance; Mistake: Forgetfulness; Right of Private Defence; Effect of Consent: Offences against morality; Other Offences. Classification of Crimes (Crimes Punishable with Hudud; Crimes against Public Morality: Zina, Qazf. Drinking Wine and Apostacy; Crimes against Property: Theft and highway Rubbery; Crimes Punishablewith Qisas: (Crimes against the person; Crimes Punishable under the basis of Ta’zir: Cumulation of Punishments.

ICL 204 – Islamic Law of Torts (3 Units C LH30)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

appreciate the principles governing tort in Islamic law;
understand the general characteristics of crime and tort;
appreciate the concept of Dhamān in the Islamic law of tort;
identify the types of torts to person and property;comprehend the Sharī’ah concept of liability for premises and liability for animals; and
familiarise themselves with the operation and application of Islamic law of torts in contemporary times.

Course Contents

Introduction and scope of Dhaman; Tortious liability as one of the elements of Dhaman; The Legal Basis of Tortious Liability; Principles of Islamic Law of Tort; Limits of exercising one’s rights; Injuries to the property; Injuries to the Person; Vicarious Liability; Liability for animals, dangerous buildings and structures.

RUB-PUL205 – Introduction to Human Right Law (3 Units C LH45)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the course, students are expected to:

Define the basic concept of human rights;
Analyse the origin of modern concepts of civil and political rights;
Examine the constitutional development of human right; and
Appraise the role of institutions on the enforcement and protection of human rights.

Course Contents

Basic concept and definition. Origin of modern concepts of civil and political rights. Subsequent constitutional development of human rights. Outlaw of certain inhuman practices e.g. piracy, slavery etc. Promotion of human rights by international multilateral acts. Covenant of the League of Nations (1919). United Nations Charter (1945). Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948). International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights (1981). The role of the judiciary, special tribunals and other institutions in the enforcement and protection of human rights.

RUB-PUL 206 – Public International Law (3 Units E LH45)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the course, student are expected to:

Trace the history and sources of international law;
Analyse the nature and classification of international law;
Discuss diplomatic representation;
Examine state jurisdiction; and
Appraise international organisations.

Course Contents

History and Sources of International and Municipal Law, Subjects of the Law of Nations: (a) States – Nature and classification: recognition of States, governments and belligerents de jure and de facto. (b) State succession. (c) Territory; Acquisition and loss Individuals: Nationality and domicile, Human rights and fundamental freedoms. Diplomatic Representation: Status and functions of diplomatic envoys and consuls; privileges and immunities; Diplomatic missions of international organization. State responsibility and conditions of basic international claims. State Jurisdiction Territorial waters and airspace, international servitudes and waterways. International Agreement: Nature, entry into force, ratification, reservations, interpretation and discharge. International Organisations (a) The United Nations and its charter – specialized agencies; Disputes; Pacific and non-pacific methods of settlement. (b) The Organization of African Unity/African Union (c) ECOWAS War and Neutrality: (a) Position of belligerent forces and civilians in war. (b) The Hague and Geneva Conventions (c) Economic Warfare – on land, sea and in the air. (d) Effects of outbreak of war – persons, actions, contracts, treaties. (e) The legal capacity to use force – States, recognized belligerents and U.N. (f) The legal claims to make war and U.N. Charter obligations. Position of neutrals (g) Punishment of war crimes – Nuremberg Trials.

RUB-PUL 207 – Internet Law (3 Units E LH45)

Learning Outciomes

At the end of the course, students are expected to:

Appraise architecture of the internet;
Analyse transmission protocols;
Examine the Laws and govenance structure of the internet in Nigeria; and
Explain internet domain names.

Course Contents

Architecture of the Internet; Transmission Protocols; Laws and Governance structure of the Internet in Nigeria; Internet Domain names; Legality of email, video, audio, graphics and text transmissions; Legality of streaming media technology; Privacy issues; Cyber-security (Networks); and Cyber law enforcement challenges.

RUB-PPL 203 – Law and Practice of Banking and Finance (3 Units E LH45)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the course, students are expected to:

Trace the history, nature and development of banking; and
Analyse modern banking business.

Course Contents

History, nature and development of the Law of Banking and finance. The financial markets; syndicated loans; the lead manager and syndication process, structure and contents of a syndicated loan agreement, sale of loan assets and securitization; Legal structures and mechanisms of bonds, Issue, procedure and legal framework of marketing and distribution. The bond instrument and legal relationship between issuer and holder. Regulation of the capital markets. Electronic banking services and service providers.

RUB-PUL 208 – Information Technology Law and Practice (3 Units E LH45)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the course, students are expected to:

Explain the general principles and practice of information technology law;
Analyse the legal aspects of information security in Nigeria;
Examine the legal aspects of digital and analogue technologies; and
Appraise the legal implications of emerging technologies.

Course Contents

General principles and practice of information technology law; Legal aspects of information security in Nigeria; Legal aspects of digital and analogue technologies; Legal Implications of emerging technologies- AI, Robotics, IOT etc; Future Applications of Information and Communications Technology law in developing countries (Education, agriculture, health, transportation, business, youth empowerment etc).

RUB-ICL 205 – Islamic International Law (3 Units C LH45)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of thecourse, students are expected to:

Discuss the concept of war and peace in the pre-Islamic era;
Analyse the sources and development of Islamic Law on war;
Examine the sources and development of Islamic Law on peace; and
Appraise diplomatic and commercial relations.

Course Contents

War and peace among the nations of antiquity and the pre-IslamicArabs; peace and peaceful co-existence in Islam. The sources and development of Islamic Law of War and Peace(al-Siyar). The Law of War; the concept of Jihad, the objectives of war, types of enemies, conduct of war, declaration of war, prohibited acts; treatment of property prisoners of war and captives; termination of fighting-truce,surrender. Law of peace, peace treaties and constitutional charter with non-Muslims, especially those entered into by the prophet from form and binding nature of treaties and agreements. Jurisdiction, territory persons, aman (safe conduct). Respective rights and duties of the Muslims granting aman and those of the Mu’tamin. Envoys, and diplomacy. al-Kharaj and Jizya. Diplomatic and commercial relations.

300 Level

GST 312- Peace and Conflict Resolution (2 Units C LH30)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

analyse the concepts of peace, conflict and security;
list major forms, types and root causes of conflict and violence;
differentiate between conflict and terrorism;
enumerate security and peacebuilding strategies; and
describe roles of international organisations, media and traditional institutions in Peace building.

Course Contents

Concepts of Peace, Conflict and Security in a multi-ethnic nation. Types and Theories of Conflicts: Ethnic, Religious, Economic, Geopolitical Conflicts; Structural Conflict Theory, Realist Theory of Conflict, Frustration-Aggression Conflict Theory. Root causes of Conflict and Violence in Africa: Indigene and settlers Phenomenon; Boundaries/border disputes; Political disputes; Ethnic disputes and rivalries; Economic Inequalities; Social disputes; Nationalist Movements and Agitations; Selected Conflict Case Studies – Tiv-Junkun; Zango Kartaf, Chieftaincy and Land disputes. Peace Building, Management of Conflicts and Security: Peace & Human Development. Approaches to Peace & Conflict Management – (Religious, Government and Community Leaders.). Elements of Peace Studies and Conflict Resolution: Conflict dynamics assessment Scales: Constructive & Destructive. Justice and Legal framework: Concepts of Social Justice; The Nigeria Legal System. Insurgency and Terrorism. Peace Mediation and Peace Keeping. Peace & Security Council (International, National and Local levels) Agents of Conflict resolution – Conventions, Treaties Community Policing: Evolution and Imperatives. Alternative Dispute Resolution, ADR. Dialogue b). Arbitration, c). Negotiation d). Collaboration. Roles of International Organizations in Conflict Resolution. (a). The United Nations, UN and its Conflict Resolution Organs. (b). The African Union & Peace Security Council (c). ECOWAS in Peace Keeping. Media and Traditional Institutions in Peace Building. Managing Post-Conflict Situations/Crisis: Refugees. Internally Displaced Persons, IDPs. The role of NGOs in Post-Conflict Situations/Crisis.

ENT 312 – Venture Creation (2 Units C LH15; PH45)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

describe the key steps in venture creation;
spot opportunities in problems and high potential sectors regardless of geographical location;
state how original products, ideas, and concepts are developed;
develop a business concept for further incubation or pitching for funding;
identify key sources of entrepreneurial finance;
implement the requirements for establishing and managing micro and small enterprises;
conduct entrepreneurial marketing and e-commerce;
apply a wide variety of emerging technological solutions to entrepreneurship; and
appreciate why ventures fail due to lack of planning and poor implementation.

Course Contents

Opportunity Identification (Sources of business opportunities in Nigeria, Environmental scanning, Demand and supply gap/unmet needs/market gaps/Market Research, Unutilised resources, Social and climate conditions and Technology adoption gap). New business development (business planning, market research). Entrepreneurial Finance (Venture capital, Equity finance, Microfinance, Personal savings, Small business investment organisations and Business plan competition). Entrepreneurial marketing and e-commerce (Principles of Marketing, Customer Acquisition & Retention, B2B, C2C and B2C models of e-commerce, First Mover Advantage, E-commerce business models and Successful E-Commerce Companies). Small Business Management/Family Business: Leadership & Management, Basic bookkeeping, Nature of family business and Family Business Growth Model. Negotiation and Business communication (Strategy and tactics of negotiation/bargaining, Traditional and modern business communication methods). Opportunity Discovery Demonstrations (Business idea generation presentations, Business idea Contest, Brainstorming sessions, Idea pitching). Technological Solutions (The Concept of Market/Customer Solution, Customer Solution and Emerging Technologies, Business Applications of New Technologies – Artificial Intelligence (AI), Virtual/Mixed Reality (VR), Internet of Things (IoTs), Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Renewable Energy. Digital Business and E-Commerce Strategies).

PUL 301 – Criminal Law I (4 Units C LH45; PH45)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

be well-equipped with the basic principles of criminal liability in Nigeria; and
appreciate the sources of criminal law in Nigeria and its importance in the maintenance of law and order in the society.

Course Contents

General introduction and purpose of Criminal Law. The content of crime. History and sources of Nigerian Criminal Law. The elements of an offence. Classification of offences. General principles of criminal responsibility. Parties to an offence. Offences against the person. Corporate liability.

PUL 302 – Criminal Law II (4 Units C LH45; PH45)

Learning outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

distinguish between various crimes and their effects on the individuals and the society;
appreciate the administration of criminal justice in society;
explain the principles of punishment; and
appreciate the application of statutes to the doctrines.

Course Contents

Offences against property. Offences against the state and public order. Offences of corruption. The police and the administration of criminal justice. Theories and types of punishment. General principles of sentencing. Islamic criminal law and customary criminal law.

PPL 301 – Law of Torts I (4 Units C LH45; PH45)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

acquire basic knowledge and understanding of the fundamental principles of tort;
explain the concepts and history of tort law generally;
appreciate the sources of law of tort; and
explain the contents of key legal issues in tort law.

Course Contents

Historical background and general principles of tortious liability (defences will be considered about each tort). Trespass to person – assault, battery, false imprisonment and intentional harm to the person. Trespass to land; trespass to chattel, conversion and detinue. Negligence – duty of care, standard of care. Proof of negligence. Nervous shock. Contributory negligence and damages, including the remoteness of damage. Occupier’s liability.

PPL 302 – Law of Torts II (4 Units C LH45; PH45)

Learning outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

appreciate principles of liability in tort and the relationship between tort and crime;
explain scopes of trespass and nuisance;
appreciate the principles of negligence, the duty of care and strict liability; and
comprehend defences and remedies in tort.

Course Contents

Nuisance. The rule in Rylands v. Fletcher. Liability for animals. Malicious prosecution. Vicarious liability. Defamation. Death as a cause of action. Fatal accidents. Deceit. Economic torts of passing – off, civil conspiracy, intimidation, interference with contract. Parties; joint torts; remedies.

PPL 303 – Commercial Law I (4 Units C LH45; PH45)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

be well-equipped with the basic principles governing the diverse forms of commercial transactions in Nigeria; and
familiarise themselves with the legal provisions regulating selling and buying.

Course Contents

Sale of goods: nature and formation of the contract. Conditions, warranties and representations. Ownership and passing – off of property. Duties of the seller. Duties of the buyer. Effect of contract. Remedies. Special commercial contracts in outline. The use of various payment devices, example cheques, credit cards, debit cards, electronic money transfers, luncheon and fuel vouchers.

PPL 304 – Commercial Law II (4 Units C LH45; PH45)

Learning outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

appreciate the nature and legal sources of common transactions such as the sale of goods, hire purchase and agency;
understand the scope of an agency relationship with the principal and third party.

Course Contents

Hire purchase: nature and meaning of hire purchase. Hire purchase in common law and under the Hire Purchase Act 1965. Ownership and passing – off of property. Remedies of owner and hirer. Minimum payment clauses and damages. Standard form hire – purchase agreements. Bills of sales. Conditional sale and credit sale agreements. Agency: definition, formalities and capacity. Authority of the agent. Ratification: types of agents. Rights and duties of principal and agent. Termination of agency. Relationship of principal and agents to third parties.

ICL 301 – Mu’amalat (Islamic Law of Transaction) (3 Units C LH45 PH45)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

appreciate the underlying philosophy of contractual transactions in Islam;
understand the meaning of and types of contracts in Islam;
appreciate legal concepts and theories of the various types of contracts in Islamic law; and
appreciate the rules and general principles guiding agency, hire-purchase and other forms of contracts.

Course Contents

Principles of Islamic Law of Contract; Fundamentals of contract (Sigha- Offer and acceptance), Contracting Parties and Subject matter of Contract; Conditions of Validity (Shurut al-Iqad. Shurut al-Siha. Shurut al-Nafath and Shurut al-Luzum); Conditions and Warranties: (Al-Shurut Fil-Aqd. AlShart al-Sahih, al-Shart al-Fasid and al-Shartal-Batil; Theories of Majlis al-Aqd and Khiyar al-Majlis; Options (Khiyar al-Shart. Khivar al-Ru’yah. KhiyaralTa’yvin. Khivar al-Ayn. Khivar al-Kimiyyah and Khivar Kashf al-Hal. Agency: Nature of the Agency relationship; Legality of Agency under the Shari’ah; Scope and types of the Agent’s Authority; Capacity and the scope of the Agent’s Authority; Sub-Agent; The Validity of Sub-Agent; Duties of the Agent and principal and their rights; Contractual Capacity of the Agent and the Principal; Termination of Agency; Legal Consequences concerning the relationship between Agent and the Principal. Specific Contracts: Sale of Goods; Auction sales; sale with deposit: conditions stipulated in the subject matter; Sale based on market price; Contract of Sale for future goods; The Theory of Gharar (Uncertainty); Duties of the Seller and Buyer. Hire-Purchase: Formation of the Contract; Terms of the Contract; Relations between the owner and the Hirer; duties of the owner and the hirer; remedies for breach of duty; termination of Hire-purchase; Transfer of interest in the hire- purchase agreement. Ijara and Kira’; Qard; Ji’alah; Wadi’ah.

ICL 304 – Islamic Family Law (3 Units C LH30)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

understand the nature, sources and principles governing Islamic family relations, including marriage, divorce and custody of children;
appreciate rules and principles of Islamic law governing pre-marital, marital and postmarital relationships; and
identify the rights of children under Islamic law.

Course Contents

Introduction and Nature of Family Law; Concept of Family in Islam. The Marriage: Position of Marriage in Islamic Law; Formation of the marriage Contract: Khutba (Betrothal): Definition; Validity; Withdrawal and Betrothal Gifts. Nikah (Marriage Contract): Definition; Essential Elements; Formula (Sigha); Witnesses (Shuhud); Dowery (Mahr); Marriage Guardian (Wali); Contracting Parties (Mahal); and Reforms. Marriage Impediments: Permanent and Temporary; Classification of Marriage: Valid Marriage (Sahih); Irregular Marriage (Fasid); Invalid Marriage (Batil); Shigar Marriage; Mut’a (Muhallil); Concept of Polygamy and Legal Reforms; Equality (Kafa’a); Legal consequences of Marriage (i.e. Rights and obligations of Parties) (Rights of the Almighty Allah; Mutual rights of the spouses; Rights of the husband; Rights of the Wife; Reforms (legal). Dissolution of Marriage: Position (i.e. Obligatory, Recommended Mandub”); Capacity of the husband to divorce (adult Sane, conscious and voluntary) Legal reforms; Formula of Divorce (Talaq): explicit and clear expression: indirect or implied expression, signs, gestures and writing; Maximum number of Talaq; Kinds of Talaq: Sunni & Bid’i: Revocable (Raji) and Irrevocable (Ba’in) Talaq; Revocation of Talaq: Methods of Revocation; Divorce by mutual Agreement (khuli) & Reforms’; Judicial Divorce at the wife’s request (lack of maintenance: absence of husband: illicit/relations: bodily defects; harm and had relations: ila’. li’an); Annulment of Marriage; Absence of any of the essential elements of Marriage; Apostacy of either party; Adultery by husband with the wife’s daughter or mother; Iddah: Definition and kinds; Reforms; Rights of Children: Paternity, Fosterage, Custody and Maintenance.

RUB-PUL 303 – Law of Natural and Mineral Resources (3 Units E LH45)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the course, students are expected to:

Analyse the ownership of Nigeria’s mineral resources;
Examine the international legal frameworks of mineral resources; and
Appraise issues relating to pollution.

Course Contents

Ownership of Nigerian’s mineral resources with reference to Land Use Act 1978 and the Constitution: operation of powers over mineral resources, the exercise of concession rights within the framework of a state government.The United Nations and sovereign rights of states over natural resources: 1962 UN General Assembly Resolutions on permanent sovereignty over natural resources; the new international economic order. Acquisition of rights over mineral resources in Nigeria. Provisions relating to prospecting and extraction; granting of concession; incidental legal rights; assignment and severance termination and surrender, obligations of the licensee, rights of the grantee. Pollution resulting from exploitation of natural and mineral resources; preventing and punishment regulating municipal and international rules.

RUB-PUL 304 – Alternative and E-Dispute Resolution (3 Units E LH45)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the course, students are expected to:

Explain the concept of ADR and its benfits;
Examine the types of ADR mechanisms; and
Appraise the characteristics of a good ADR process and its relative advantages and disadvantages.

Course Contents

Concept of ADR and its benefits; Types of ADR Mechanisms: Arbitration; (ii) Mediation; (iii) Conciliation; (iv) Negotiation; Combination of approaches: (a) Med-Arb; (b) Citizen Mediation Centre (c) Multi-Door Court Centre; Electronic Dispute Resolution; Characteristics of a Good ADR process and its Relative Advantages and Disadvantages.

RUB-PPL 305 – Introduction to Labour and Industrial Law (3 Units E LH45)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the course, students are expected to:

Define contract of employment;
Examine the rights and duties of employee;
Analyse the rights and duties of employer; and
Appraise termination of contract of emploment.

Course Contents

Introduction- nature, history, sources and scope. Contract of employment-definition, formation, contents, parties(young persons, apprentices, women). Employees duties good faith, accountability, confidentiality, restraint of trade. Termination of contract of employment-performance, agreement, notice, summarydismissal, repudiation, remedies for wrongful dismissal. Safety at work-employer’s duty of care, vicarious liability. Factory’s Act-Workman’s Compensation Act Reform. Collective bargaining and collective agreement-framework, nature, legislation. Trade Unions-formation, rights, obligation, criminal liability, civil liability. Agencies -L.A.P, N.I.C., P.P.I.B.,Industrial Fund. Industrial law and economic development.

RUB-PPL 306 – Electronic Commerce Law and Practice (3 Units E LH45)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the course, students are expected to:

Analyse the nature of electronic contracts;
Examine the legal aspects of electronic commerce in Nigeria;
Discuss digital signatures;
Describe digital certification authorities; and
Appraise the future of e-commerce in Nigeria.

Course Contents

Nature of Electronic Contracts; e-offer, Acceptance, Consideration and Intention to Create Legal Relations; Law of electronic commerce in Nigeria; Characteristics of Signatures; Digital Signatures; Encryption Technology and the Legal Basis of Algorithms; RSA Encryption Standards; Digital Certification Authorities; e-liability; Claims and Remedies in Electronic Transactions; Case studies of e-commerce platforms; Future of E-commerce in Nigeria.

400 Level

PUL 401 – Law of Evidence I (4 Units LH45; PH45)

Learning outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

understand the meaning and purposes of the evidentiary rules and burden of proof;
appreciate the nature and types of evidence;
comprehend the types and roles of witnesses in legal proceedings;
appreciate the rules governing relevancy, weight and the admissibility of evidence at trial; and
demonstrate a clear understanding of the relationship between the theoretical context of the law of evidence and its practical application at trial.

Course Contents

General introduction. Sources of Nigerian law of evidence. Direct and circumstantial evidence Facts in issue and relevant facts. Complaints. Similar facts evidence, Res Gestae.

PUL 402 – Law of Evidence II (4 Units C LH45; PH45)

Learning outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

appreciate the importance of opinion;
know when to refer to the character of a party/witness;
understand compellability of witnesses; and
identify the need for corroboration in evidence.

Course Contents

Character evidence. Opinion evidence. Hearsay evidence. Estoppel; competence and compellability of witnesses. Privilege generally. Corroboration. Burden of proof. Documentary evidence. Evidence under customary law / Islamic law. Electronic evidence.

PPL 403 – Equity and Trusts I (4 Units C LH45; PH45)

Learning outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

be well-equipped with the basic principles of equity vis-à-vis the Common Law and their relevance to legal practice and administration of justice in Nigeria; and
appreciate the origins of these principles, maxims and their legal implications.

Course Contents

General Principles of Equity: Nature, doctrine and history of equity, its development in England and its introduction to Nigeria. The relationship between equity and common Law. Conflict between equity and customary law. Maxims of equity; nature of equitable rights and interests. Priorities. Assignment of choses in action. Conversion; election; satisfaction. Remedies and defences: (a) equitable remedies – Injunctions: specific performance; rescission; rectification; delivery up and cancellation of documents; account; receivership; restitution (b) equitable defences – estoppel, laches and acquiescence.

PPL 404 – Equity and Trusts II (4 Units C LH45; PH45)

Learning outcomes

At the end of the Course, the students are expected to:

understand the principles of trust;
comprehend the practical use of trust in the society; and
appreciate options of administering an estate through trust.

Course Contents

The law of trusts: Nature and classification of Trusts; the requirements of Trust; constitution of trusts; express private trusts; charitable trusts; constructive trusts; protective and discretionary trusts (an outline only); trusts in favour of creditors. Appointment of trustees – duties and discretion of trustees; the power of trustees; breach of trust; retirement and removal of trustees. An outline of administration of estates.

PPL 405 – Property Law I (4 Units C LH45; PH45)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

be well-equipped with the basic principles governing property transactions in Nigeria;
appreciate the nature and legal sources of these transactions; and
comprehend the significance of the real property to economic development and legal rights involved in real/landed property.

Course Contents

Introduction: Legal notions of property (Law Relating to Chattels (Personal Property); the Law Relating to Incorporeal Property (Choses in Action), and Land Law). Historical evolution of land law in Nigeria. Sources of Nigerian land law. Terminology such as ownership, possession, titles, rights, liability and land. Customary land law/Islamic land law: (a) modes of acquiring title to land, settlement; expansion; loan or borrowing; pledge or pawn; gift; conquest, allotment, kola tenancy (b) concept and ownership of land: (i) nature of the title to land (ii) control and management of community land – individual rights and extent of community land today (iii) creation of family land – nature and extent of member’s right in family land; control of family land, alienation of family land, recovery of family land, Improvement by a member of family land, termination of family land (iv) an outline of succession to rights in land.

PPL 406 – Property Law II (4 Units C LH45; PH45)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

be familiar with the laws regulating property acquisition and disposition in Nigeria;
appreciate the forms of titles over land;
recognize the control and ownership of natural resources throughout the federation; and
appreciate the application of the requisite statutes to the principle of property Law.

Course Contents

Legal regulation of property: The Land Use Act – state control of land; grant of a right of occupancy; what Certificate of Occupancy connotes; alienation of Certificate of Occupancy; revocation of Certificate of Occupancy; compensation for revocation. Relationship between Land Use Act and State land law. An outline of control of natural resources – minerals, water and forests; agrarian reforms. Rights and interest in land – freehold, joint tenancy, tenancy in common, prescription, laches, acquiescence, leasehold, easements, profit a prendre, covenants, mortgages. Registration – registration of instruments, registration of title.

PUL 403 – Clinical and Moot Court Practice I (4 Units C PH180)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

be actively engaged in the Moot/Mock Trial;
have the fundamental exposure to the practice at law office and courtroom; and
have a grasp of legal drafting, advocacy, and developing the needed spirit and courage in addressing and comporting oneself before the court and the public.

Course Contents

Introduction to Moot Courts: Meaning, importance, objectives, types and structure, Terminologies relevant to moot court; rudiments of moot court proceedings, mannerism, dress codes and etiquettes; techniques of moot courts and essential tips; written complaints, charges, and statements; principles of final written addresses; practical sessions; introduction to the Rules of Professional Conduct, controlling bodies in the Legal Profession and Solicitors Account in Nigeria. The distinction between Moot and Mock Trials. Mooting sessions. Mock Trial session on selected case scenario presided over by a serving judicial officer.

PUL 404 – Clinical and Moot Court Practice II (4 Units C PH180)

Learning outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

familiarize with the artistry of client relationships;
experience practical community service by lawyers; and
gain legal awareness, creation and orientation strategy.

Course Contents

Introduction to Law Clinics: Meaning, significance and goals; regulatory structure or content; methodology of clinical teaching of law; principles and practice of evaluation of clients; delivery of legal assistance by the clinic to the local community; documentations: faculty handbooks and precedent agreements for clinics, standard policies and procedures, precedent practice documents, use of feedback and questionnaires; practical sessions; Options in Law Clinic Practice – Prison Outreach, Street Law advocacy/awareness campaign, In-House law counselling; establishing and managing a mock law office; opening Solicitor’s Account for the Mock Law Firm.

ICL 401 – Islamic Property Law (3 Units C LH45; PH45)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of Course, students are expected to:

understand the vesting of ownership of property in God;
acquire basic knowledge of the concept of property and ownership of property;
appreciate the freedom and rights to private ownership;
understand the distinction between public property and private property; and
understand the protection and restrictions on private ownership.

Course Contents

Definition & Classification of Property: Mutaqawam & Ghayr Mutaqawam, Aqar and Manqul, Mithli and Qimi, Manfa’ah and Huquq (Usufruct and Rights); Concept and classifications of Ownership: Public and Private Ownership; Ownership in Common and Individual Ownership; Absolute and Limited Ownership; Concept of Land; Division of Land: Unoccupied Land; Occupied Land; State Land; Ownership of Land: Private Ownership; Communal Land; State Ownership; Co-ownership (i.e. Joint, Haq al-lrtifaq – Easements; Profit and Tenancy in Common; Natural Rights, Al-Shuf’ah (Right to Pre-emption). Future Interests.

Lease hold: (a) Muzara’ah (b) Musaqah (c) Ariyya; Muzahanah. Mortgages (Rahn). Control of Land. Treasures, Minerals and the Sea; Islamic Viewpoint on the Land Use Act, 1978.

ICL 402 – Islamic Company Law (3 Units C LH45; PH45)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

understand the principles of Islamic Economics, Banking and Finance;
appreciate the legal rules guiding Islamic Financial products and services;
understand the nature and scope of Islamic finance and its relationship and differences with conventional finance;
differentiate between conventional insurance and Takafu (Islamic Insurance); and
understand the conceptual basis of the modern practice of Islamic banking and finance.

Course Contents

Nature, Sources and Forms of Business under shariah; Legality of Partnership; Types of Partnership; Sharikat al-Amwal; Sharikat al-Abdan; Sharikat al-Wujub; General Conditions of the Sharikat, Termination of Partnership Sharikat al- Mudarabah Legality; Formation of the Capital; Conditions of validity; Responsibility of the Mudarib; Termination of Madarabah; Legal Personality; The Limited Liability of Companies in Islamic Law; Islamic Banking; Islamic Insurance.

ICL 403 – Mirath & Wasiyyah (Islamic Law of Inheritance) (3 Units C LH45; PH45)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

understand the nature, sources, relevance and principles governing the distribution of the estates of a deceased Muslim;
understand the conditions under which heir could inherit; and
appreciate the principles and rules governing the administration of Wills (Wasiyya) and Endowment (Waqf).

Course Contents

Definition of Mirath and the rationale behind it in Islamic and Pre-Islamic Era. Elements of Succession; Impediments of succession; Duties related to the estate; The Legal heirs; Ashab al-Furud; Al-Asabah; Al-Radd; Dhaw al-Arham; Bait al-Mal. Distribution of Estate involving Haml (Foetus): – Mafqud (Missing person): and Khuntha Mushkil (Hermaphrodite); Takhruj (Waiving). Wasiyyah: conditions of its validity, effect of death Sickness.

Waqf: Definition, its legality, conditions of its validity; Terms of the Grantor; Shurut al-Waqif; Administration of Waqf; Legal personality of waqf; and Liquidation of Waqf.

RUB-PUL403 – Legal Research Methodology (3 Units C LH45)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the course, students are expected to:

define research and legal research;
appraise the types of research and legal research;
examine the importance of legal research; and
discuss the method of data collection.

Course Contents

Meaning and Nature of Research, Types of Research, Importance of Research Meaning and Nature of Legal Research. Current Trends in Legal Research: Mono-Disciplinary Legal Research; Trans-Disciplinary Legal Research and Inter-Disciplinary Legal Research, Legal Research Techniques: Use of Deductive and Inductive Methods. Ethical and Legal Issues: Plagiarism and Copyright Violation. Preparation and writing of Research Report. Legal Research Methodology:(a)Doctrinal Research Methodology (i)Primary Sources (Legislation and Cases)(ii)Secondary Sources (Journals/Articles; Textbooks; Dictionaries; Bibliographies; Yearbooks.etc.).(iii)Comparative Analysis (b)Empirical Research Methodology:(i)Surveys (ii) Questionnaire (both structured and unstructured),(iii)Interviews, (iv)Sampling Techniques,(v) Observation(Participant or Non-Participant) (vi)Research Design(vii)Qualitative and Quantitative Methods. Citation Guide in Law:(a)Nature and Functions of Citation in Law(b)Examples of Citation Guides(i)National Association of Law Teachers ‘Uniform Citation Guide(ii) Oxford University Standard Citation of Legal Authorities, 2012(OSCOLA)(iii)Australian Citation Guide. Structural Outlay of Research Report:(i)Preliminaries (ii)Title Pages (iii) Preface/Foreword (iv) Acknowledgements (v)Table of Contents (Analytical or Non-Analytical) (vi)Table of Abbreviations(if any) (vii)Table of Statutes (viii)List of Illustrations (ix)Abstract (x)Text Introduction (Usually under General Introduction as in chapter one which contains: Background of the Study, Statement of the Problem, Research Questions, Aim and Objectives of the Research, Scope and Limitations of the Study, Justification and Significance of the Study, Research Methodology, Literature Review and Organizational Layout),(xi)Body with Chapters(xii)Chapter Divisions,(xiii) Final Chapter(Conclusion: Summary; Observations and Findings, Recommendations, Concluding Remarks, Contribution to Knowledge and Suggestions for further research), (xiv) References (xv) Appendix (if any), (xvi) Bibliography (xvii) Glossary (if any);and( xviii)Index(if any).

500 Level

PUL 501 – Jurisprudence and Legal Theory I (4 Units C LH60)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

be well-equipped with the basic critical legal thinking skills using the diverse legal theories and concepts;
appreciate the critical role of legal theories in legal reforms and administration of justice; and
appreciate the origins of these principles.

Course Contents

Introduction: the purpose of the study of law and jurisprudence; nature, definition and scope of jurisprudence; meaning and functions of law. The relation of law to (i) justice(ii) morality (iii) religion(iv) law and social change; ethics, the relation of the above concepts to customary law. Sources of law:(i) legislation, customs and judicial precedents (ii) nature, ascertainment, applicability and the role of these courses in contemporary and early society. Analysis of fundamental legal concepts such asrights, duty, liability, ownership, possession, personality, liberty and sovereignty.

PUL 502 – Jurisprudence and Legal Theory II (4 Units C LH60)

Learning outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

appreciate the purpose of law in society;
differentiate between the major schools of law and their doctrines;
compare various theories of law; and
understand the difference between law and other related concepts.

Course Contents

Theories of Law: Natural Law School. Historical School. Positivist Theory. Sociological Theory. Pure Theory of Law. Marxist theory of law. Indigenous theories and concepts of Law, customary law. Law Reform. Codification, restatement, adaptation and unification of Customary Law, realism, cultural and anthropological school, and Jurimetrics.

PPL 501 – Company Law I (4 Units C LH60)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

have the basic knowledge and understanding of the evolution, nature, forms and structures of companies;
tell how law steps in to regulate activities of and within companies;
describe the legal framework on the forms of business organisations in Nigeria and the procedures for their incorporation;
appreciate the legal basis for corporate power structure; understand the key stakeholders of companies and the legal processes for the alignment of their interests within the company;
comprehend the framework for raising capital by companies; the regulators of various forms of companies in Nigeria; and
appreciate the principles and procedures for the liquidation of companies.

Course Contents

Forms of Business Organization; Sole Proprietorship; Partnership; Incorporated Companies; Creation and Incidents. Formation of companies; Certificate of Incorporation; Pre – incorporation contracts; promoter’s liability. Memorandum of Association; Doctrine of Ultra – Vires; alteration of Memorandum and the Objects clause. Articles of Association; Contractual effect of Memorandum and Articles; Alteration of Articles. doctrine of constructive notice and in-house management. A prospectus; statement instead of prospectus; Remedies for Misrepresentation. Regulation of company matters: Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC), Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

PPL 502 – Company Law II (4 Units C LH60)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

get acquainted with Company Securities, shares and debentures;
understand principles concerning company directors and other officers;
appreciate company secretarial responsibilities;
acquire basic knowledge concerning mergers and acquisitions; and
understand the process of winding up a company.

Course Contents

Company securities; shares and debentures; becoming and ceasing to be a shareholder; transfer of shares; floating charges. Directors and other officers; appointment, removal, duties, rights and powers. Meetings resolutions. Majority powers and minority rights; prevention of oppression and mismanagement. Reconstructions and take – over, mergers. Winding up (in outline). Privatisation. Partnership: relation of partners inter se and to third parties; and dissolution of partnership.

ICL 501 – Usul AI-Fiqh I (Islamic Jurisprudence) I (3 Units C LH45)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

understand the principles, concepts and doctrines of Islamic law;
acquire knowledge of interpretative rules and Interpretation of Islamic texts;
understand the different Islamic schools of law or jurisprudence (Hanafi, Maliki, Shaf‘i, and the Hanbali schools); and
appreciate the theory of Ijtihad (“Individual Reasoning”) and Fatwa.

Course Contents

Definition, scope and evolution of the science of Usulal-Fiqh; Al-.Ahkam al-Shari’yyah: AlHakim (the Ruler); Al-hukum (the Rule), definition, difference between al-hukum al-Taklifi and al-Hukum Wad’I; Types of Al-Hukum al-Taklifi; Wajib, Haram, Mandub, Makruh and Mubah. Types of al-Hukum al-Wad’i: al-Sabab, Al-Shart, Al-Mani’, Al-Rukhsah and Al-Azimah. The linguistic Principles. The legislative Principles. Evolution and Development of the Science of Qur’anic Exegesis; i. Al-Tafsir Bil-Ma’thur; ii. Al-Tafsir Bil—lm.ha; iii. Al-Tafsir Bil-Ray; iv. Al TafsirAl- ilmi; v. Al-Tafsir Bil-Batin Application on selected Quranic verses, emphasising Ayat Al-Ahkam. Hadith: Evolution of the Science of Hadith; Methods of determining the authenticity of Hadith; Classification of Hadith; Authenticity- Sahih, Hassan, Da’ if and others; transmission- Mutawatir Mush hur, Ahad and others; the study of the basic works on Hadith especially the six known collections, Al-Muwatta and the Musnad of Imam Ahmad.

ICL 503 – Murafa’at (Islamic Law of Evidence &Procedure) (3 Units C LH45)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the exercise, students are expected to:

gain a practical understanding of Islamic Law and procedures;
understand the general rules of evidence in Islamic law and its modes;
understand pre, during and post-trial procedures;
appreciate the principle of presumption of innocence, and the investigation and primary-questioning stage; and
understand the Indictment process.

Course Contents

Nature, Sources and scope of the law of Evidence under the Shari’ah;Courts vested with jurisdiction in Islamic civil and criminal laws and the roles of legal practitioners; Means of Proof: Iqrar (Confession)- definition and conditions/elements; Shahada (Testimony); Burden of Proof; Competence of Witness; Tazkiyah; Weight of Evidence; Withdrawal of statement by a witness; Types of Evidence: – Evidence of Infants; Circumstantial Evidence; Documentary Evidence; Declaration of a dying person. Inspection and opinion of experts;Methods of Instituting criminal and civil proceedings in the Sharia Courts; Custody and Bail of Accused, Process to compel the attendance of Accused, Power to search by Police and other Officers (including a brief explanation of the status of police in Sharia); charges and complaints in Sharia Courts, Preliminaries to trial, Trial and/or hearing, Judgment, Appeals;Oath as means of Proof: Who will take an oath and when? Conditions for taking an oath; Al-lstihqaq (Entitlement): Its definition and conditions; Elements of Entitlement.Documentary and Circumstantial Evidence; Burden of Proof, Standard of Proof; Facts the proof of which is made in exceptional cases: Character evidence, Expert evidence, Presumptions, Estoppel, Long possession (Hauzi); Wrongful admission and rejection of evidence. Al-Sulh (Arbitration and Settlement out of Court): Its definition and conditions of al-Sulh in lqrar.

ICL 505 – Application of Shariah in Nigeria (3 Units C LH45)

Learning Outcome

At the end of the Course, students are expected to:

understand the practical application of Islamic Law in Nigerian Courts;
comprehend the constitutional provisions of Islamic Law in Nigeria; and
understand the universal applicability of Islamic Law.

Course Contents

The Pre-colonial condition; The advent of British rule – the Policy of ‘Indirect Rule and its effect on Shari’ah; Proclamation No. 5 of 1900 Native Courts Proclamation, 1906 -Alkali’s Courts and Judicial Councils — Civil andCriminal jurisdiction of Emir’s Courts: Tsofo Gubba V Gwandu Native Authority, (1947)12 WACA 141; Native Courts Ordinance. 1933 (and it’s 1943); Northern Nigeria Native Courts Law, 1956. Abolition of Emir’s Courts; and a Critical appraisal of colonial policies towards Shari’ah. ‘Muslim Personal Law’: Meaning and Mischief thereof; Islamic Law as a specie of Native Law and Custom. Traces of Islamic Law in the Northern Nigerian Penal Code, 1961.Relevan t provisions of the 1963 Constitution and Sharia Court of Appeal Law, 1963; High Court and District Court Laws of 1963; Area Court Edict 1967; Area Courts Reform Committee Report. – Relevant Provision of the 1979 Constitution; Impact of Decree No. 26 of 1986.; the Impact of the following cases on the application of Sharia: Yunusa Vs Adesubokan (1968) NNI.R 97; Ado Vs Dije (1984)5 NCI.R 260; Karimatu Yakubu Vs Paiko an unreported case of Court of Appeal No. CA/K/805 85. Islamic Law in Nigerian Legal Education Curriculum: Regular Vs the Comparative Types; The status of Qhadi as Judges; Future of Islamic Law in Nigeria.

LAW 599 – Long Essay (6 Units C LH270)

The research topic for the compulsory Long Essay for each final year student must be approved by the faculty at the beginning of each final year. Such a candidate will be expected to produce a well-researched essay containing a minimum of 10,000 words under the supervision of a member of the academic staff in the faculty.

RUB-PUL 503 – Criminal Litigation (3 Units C LH30)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the course, students are expected to:

Analyse the sources of criminal procedure;
Examine the ethical duties of the Bar and the Bench; and
Appraise the basic procedure in criminal litigation.

Course Contents

Sources of Criminal procedure, Criminal courts in Nigeria, Ethical duties of Counsel and Courts in Criminal trials, Jurisdiction, Searches, Bail, Processes: Summons and Warrant, Commencement of Criminal proceedings; First Information Report (FIR),Information, Charges. Trial advocacy; Safeguards to guarantee fair trials of an Accused person, Consultation, Preparation, Pre-trial plans .Plea of an Accused Person; Nature and types of Plea Bargaining, Plea of guilty, Plea of not guilty, Plea of Autrefois acquit or Autre fois, Plea of pardon. Presentation of the case of prosecution; Calling of Witnesses, Examination-in-Chief, Cross examination, Re-examination, Burden of proof in Criminal cases, No case submission and Resting of a case, Defence, Visit to locus in quo. Final addresses. Appeals; Appeals as of right and Leave to appeal, Notice of appeal, Contents of appeal, Abandonment, Records of appeal, Brief of argument.

RUB-PUL 504 – Civil Litigation (3 Units C LH30)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the course, students are expected to:

Analyse the sources of civil procedure;
Appraise the nature and types of jurisdiction of courts;
Examine the nature of claim and parties to an action; and
Be able to discuss the means of commencement of actions.

Course Contents

Sources of Civil procedure, Jurisdiction of Courts; Nature and meaning, Rules and principles relating to jurisdiction, Types of jurisdiction, Courts with civil jurisdiction. Nature of claim and Parties to an action; Necessary parties, Proper parties, Desirable parties, Joinder and Misjoinder of parties. Commencement of actions; Processes, Writ of Summons, Originating Summons, Originating Motions, Petitions. Frontloading, Service of Court process. Appearance; Modes of appearance, Failure, Withdrawal, Default appearance. Pleadings; purpose, functions, rules, contents, Types of pleadings, Procedure in lieu of demurrer. Discontinuation of action, Pre-trial conference and scheduling, Discovery, Inspection, Alternative Dispute Resolution(ADR),Trial procedure; Calling of Witnesses, Evidence-in-chief, Cross examination ,Re-examination. Consolidation of cases; purpose, object, time for consolidation. Interpleader proceedings, Judicial review, Judgment; types of judgment, Enforcement of judgment, Registration and enforcement of foreign judgment, Writ of execution, Garnishing proceedings. Appeals; Appeals as of right and leave to appeal, Notice of appeal, Contents of appeal, Abandonment, Records of appeal, Brief of argument.

School of Law

LL. B Common and Islamic Law (Combined)

Overview

Philosophy

Objectives

Employability Skills

21st Century Skills

Admission and Graduation Requirements

Direct Entry Mode

Graduation Requirements

Course System

Grading of Courses

Grade Point Average and Cumulative Grade Point Average

Calculation of GPA or CGPA

Degree Classifications

The following regulations shall govern the conditions for the award of an honours degree.

Degree Classification

Duration

Course Contents and Learning Outcomes

100 Level

ICL 503 – Murafa’at (Islamic Law of Evidence &Procedure) (3 Units C LH45)

Learning Outcomes

21^{^st} Century Skills